HI TECH C Compiler Universal RSA. HTML Compiler 3.0 DC HTML Compiler v3.0 HTML Compiler v2016.2 HTML Compiler 3.0 HTML Compiler v2.4 HTML Com. IEA Training Manual - Module 4 Overview A steady increase in reporting on environmental trends and performance during the past decade reflects a broad societal need for strengthening the.
Contents.What Is ssh-keygen?Ssh-keygen is a tool for creating new authentication key pairs for SSH. Such key pairs are used for automating logins, single sign-on, and for authenticating hosts. SSH Keys and Public Key AuthenticationThe uses public key cryptography for authenticating hosts and users. The authentication keys, called, are created using the keygen program.SSH introduced as a more secure alternative to the older.rhosts authentication. It improved security by avoiding the need to have password stored in files, and eliminated the possibility of a compromised server stealing the user's password.However, SSH keys are authentication credentials just like passwords.
Thus, they must be managed somewhat analogously to user names and passwords. They should have a proper termination process so that keys are removed when no longer needed. Creating an SSH Key Pair for User AuthenticationThe simplest way to generate a key pair is to run ssh-keygen without arguments.
BAT before or after the HI-TECH Universal RSA Keygen. There are some prerequisites for this article. Command switches used c users Victoria Desktop CFScript. Lnk C Program Files x86 Western Digital WD SmartWare Front Parlor WDSmartWare. Activation data written to registry by older keygen is written to VirtualStore and takes precedence over newer global data written by HI-TECH Universal RSA Keygen. Solution is to delete HI-TECH data from VirtualStore, CLEAN.BAT included in HI-TECH Universal RSA Keygen v2.2 deletes this data.
In this case, it will prompt for the file in which to store keys. Here's an example: klar (11:39) ssh-keygenGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ylo/.ssh/idrsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /home/ylo/.ssh/idrsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/ylo/.ssh/idrsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:Up6KjbnEV4Hgfo75YM393QdQsK3Z0aTNBz0DoirrW+c ylo@klarThe key's randomart image is:+-RSA 2048-+.oo.o.X. O.o.+.o.S o.%o=. @.B. o.=.
O.oo E. +-SHA256-+klar (11:40) First, the tool asked where to save the file.
SSH keys for user authentication are usually stored in the user's.ssh directory under the home directory. However, in enterprise environments, the location is often different. The default key file name depends on the algorithm, in this case idrsa when using the default RSA algorithm. It could also be, for example, iddsa or idecdsa.Then it asks to enter a. The passphrase is used for encrypting the key, so that it cannot be used even if someone obtains the private key file. The passphrase should be cryptographically strong.
Our is one possible tool for generating strong passphrases. Choosing an Algorithm and Key SizeSSH supports several public key algorithms for authentication keys. These include:. rsa - an old algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring large numbers.
A key size of at least 2048 bits is recommended for RSA; 4096 bits is better. RSA is getting old and significant advances are being made in factoring.
Choosing a different algorithm may be advisable. It is quite possible the RSA algorithm will become practically breakable in the foreseeable future. All SSH clients support this algorithm.
dsa - an old US government Digital Signature Algorithm. It is based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms.
A key size of 1024 would normally be used with it. DSA in its original form is no longer recommended. ecdsa - a new Digital Signature Algorithm standarized by the US government, using elliptic curves. This is probably a good algorithm for current applications.
Only three key sizes are supported: 256, 384, and 521 (sic!) bits. We would recommend always using it with 521 bits, since the keys are still small and probably more secure than the smaller keys (even though they should be safe as well).
Most SSH clients now support this algorithm. Command and conquer generals iso cd2 oil. ed25519 - this is a new algorithm added in OpenSSH. Support for it in clients is not yet universal. Thus its use in general purpose applications may not yet be advisable.The algorithm is selected using the -t option and key size using the -b option.
The following commands illustrate: ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096ssh-keygen -t dsassh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 521ssh-keygen -t ed25519Specifying the File NameNormally, the tool prompts for the file in which to store the key. However, it can also be specified on the command line using the -f option. Ssh-keygen -f /tatu-key-ecdsa -t ecdsa -b 521Copying the Public Key to the ServerTo use public key authentication, the public key must be copied to a server and installed in an file. This can be conveniently done using the tool. Like this: ssh-copy-id -i /.ssh/tatu-key-ecdsa user@hostOnce the public key has been configured on the server, the server will allow any connecting user that has the private key to log in. During the login process, the client proves possession of the private key by digitally signing the key exchange.
Adding the Key to SSH Agentssh-agent is a program that can hold a user's private key, so that the private key passphrase only needs to be supplied once. A connection to the agent can also be forwarded when logging into a server, allowing on the server to use the agent running on the user's desktop.For more information on using and configuring the SSH agent, see the page. Creating Host KeysThe tool is also used for creating host authentication keys. Host keys are stored in the /etc/ssh/ directory.Host keys are just ordinary SSH key pairs.
Each host can have one host key for each algorithm. The host keys are almost always stored in the following files: /etc/ssh/sshhostdsakey/etc/ssh/sshhostecdsakey/etc/ssh/sshhosted25519key/etc/ssh/sshhostrsakeyThe host keys are usually automatically generated when an SSH server is installed. They can be regenerated at any time.
However, if host keys are changed, clients may warn about changed keys. Changed keys are also reported when someone tries to perform a man-in-the-middle attack.
Thus it is not advisable to train your users to blindly accept them. Changing the keys is thus either best done using an SSH key management tool that also changes them on clients, or using certificates. Using X.509 Certificates for Host AuthenticationOpenSSH does not support X.509 certificates. Does support them. X.509 certificates are widely used in larger organizations for making it easy to change host keys on a period basis while avoiding unnecessary warnings from clients.
They also allow using strict host key checking, which means that the clients will outright refuse a connection if the host key has changed. Using OpenSSH's Proprietary CertificatesOpenSSH has its own proprietary certificate format, which can be used for signing host certificates or user certificates. For user authentication, the lack of highly secure certificate authorities combined with the inability to audit who can access a server by inspecting the server makes us recommend against using OpenSSH certificates for user authentication.However, OpenSSH certificates can be very useful for server authentication and can achieve similar benefits as the standard X.509 certificates. However, they need their own infrastructure for certificate issuance.
Key Management Requires AttentionIt is easy to create and configure new SSH keys. In the default configuration, OpenSSH allows any user to configure new keys. The keys are permanent access credentials that remain valid even after the user's account has been deleted.In organizations with more than a few dozen users, SSH keys easily accumulate on servers and service accounts over the years. We have seen enterprises with several million keys granting access to their production servers. It only takes one leaked, stolen, or misconfigured key to gain access.In any larger organization, use of SSH key management solutions is almost necessary.
SSH keys should also be moved to root-owned locations with proper provisioning and termination processes. For more information, see. A widely used SSH key management tool for OpenSSH is.Practically all cybersecurity require managing who can access what.
SSH keys grant access, and fall under this requirement. This, organizations under compliance mandates are required to implement proper management processes for the keys. Is a good starting point. Make Sure There Is Enough RandomnessIt is important to ensure there is enough unpredictable entropy in the system when SSH keys are generated. There have been incidents when thousands of devices on the Internet have shared the same host key when they were improperly configured to generate the key without proper randomness. General Purpose SystemsOn general purpose computers, randomness for SSH key generation is usually not a problem.
It may be something of an issue when initially installing the SSH server and generating host keys, and only people building new Linux distributions or SSH installation packages generally need to worry about it.Our recommendation is to collect randomness during the whole installation of the operating system, save that randomness in a random seed file. Then boot the system, collect some more randomness during the boot, mix in the saved randomness from the seed file, and only then generate the host keys. This maximizes the use of the available randomness. And make sure the random seed file is periodically updated, in particular make sure that it is updated after generating the SSH host keys.Many modern general-purpose CPUs also have hardware random number generators.
This helps a lot with this problem. The best practice is to collect some entropy in other ways, still keep it in a random seed file, and mix in some entropy from the hardware random number generator. This way, even if one of them is compromised somehow, the other source of randomness should keep the keys secure. Embedded Devices and Internet of ThingsAvailable entropy can be a real problem on small that don't have much other activity on the system. They may just not have the mechanical randomness from disk drive mechanical movement timings, user-caused interrupts, or network traffic. Furthermore, embedded devices often run on low-end processors that may not have a hardware random number generator.The availability of entropy is also critically important when such devices generate keys for HTTPS.Our recommendation is that such devices should have a hardware random number generator. If the CPU does not have one, it should be built onto the motherboard.
The cost is rather small. Command and Option SummaryHere's a summary of commonly used options to the keygen tool:-b “Bits”This option specifies the number of bits in the key. The regulations that govern the use case for SSH may require a specific key length to be used. In general, 2048 bits is considered to be sufficient for RSA keys.-e “Export”This option allows reformatting of existing keys between the OpenSSH key file format and the format documented in, “SSH Public Key File Format”.-p “Change the passphrase” This option allows changing the passphrase of a private key file with -P oldpassphrase and -N newpassphrase, -f keyfile.-t “Type” This option specifies the type of key to be created. What to read next:. Reduce Secure Shell risk.
Get to know the NIST 7966.The NISTIR 7966 guideline from the Computer Security Division of NIST is a direct call to action for organizations regardless of industry and is a mandate for the US Federal government. ISACA Practitioner Guide for SSHWith contributions from practitioners, specialists and SSH.COM experts, the ISACA “SSH: Practitioner Considerations” guide is vital best practice from the compliance and audit community.What we recommend to read next:.Regulatory compliance for cybersecurity?.Privileged access management related information.
Trying to get legacy Hi-Tech C project working againI have a large amount of legacy code, that was tightly shoe-horned in to some PIC processors. It used the Hi-Tech C PICC18 compiler. Back many moons ago, the Microchip C compiler that came out made larger hex, and so I couldn't convert back then without vast re-writes to fit the code. Therefore, I am stuck today supporting this product for a customer that can't afford a total rewrite. Year 2015 was the last time I worked on this code.
That computer died, and the VM from was never reliable. Now I have a new VirtualBox VM running WinXP.
I've installed MPLAB v8.56, although recent disk searches suggest I might have been using MPLAB v7.00 back then. I've downloaded archive version of MPLAB v7.00. So I'll be able to use either. I don't think I have an issue here. I have Hi-Tech on the VM. The manual is (C) 200, Sixth Printing (c), April 2002. I'm not sure of the software version.
Doing this job on the back burner, I.believe. this is installed, but not totally certain. When I go to a DOS CMD and run 'path', I do indeed see HI-TECH SOFTWARE in the path. So I think it's installed. I have a license key.
I don't think I've done anything yet with that license key. NOW I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO NEXT. When I run MPLAB v8.56 and click on Project / Set Language Tool Locations, I see Hi-Tech Universal ToolSuite, but I don't see the expected HI-TECH PICC-18 Toolsuite.
When I open the legacy project, last touched in 2015, I get an error message about the toolsuite not being installed. So I'm thinking the universal toolsuite is a red herring and I still need to install somehow. But I don't think the Hi-Tech install that I.probably.
ran will do the setup for MPLAB (unless maybe I installed it first and MPLAB second?). Meanwhile, note that I have some screenshots in my circa 2015 folder. They show help about for MPLAB v7.00, then Set Language Tool Locations with 'Hi-Tech PICC-18 Toolsuite'. (I just attached the three PNG screenshots.
Note they are NOT what I currently have installed, but what I might go install. Can I install MPLAB v7.00 on top of v8.56, or should I remove first?) Suggestions? Dr.LightningNOW I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO NEXT. When I run MPLAB v8.56 and click on Project / Set Language Tool Locations, I see Hi-Tech Universal ToolSuite, but I don't see the expected HI-TECH PICC-18 Toolsuite. When I open the legacy project, last touched in 2015, I get an error message about the toolsuite not being installed.
Ssh Keygen
So I'm thinking the universal toolsuite is a red herring and I still need to install somehow. But I don't think the Hi-Tech install that I.probably. ran will do the setup for MPLAB (unless maybe I installed it first and MPLAB second?).The integration with the Microchip MPLAB IDE depends on the version of the HI-TECH PICC-18 Toolsuite you are installing.The latest version for PICC-18 v9.80 has the IDE integration tool as part of the Windows installer.
Earlier versions of the PICC-18 compiler had a separate EXE to perform the integration with MPLAB.If you could be a bit more specific with regard to the versions of MPLAB IDE and PICC-18 we could perhaps suggest a better installation method.As a side note the most recent archive of all of the 'old' compilers still work from MPLABX v4.05, and it is the compiler and linker that matter when it comes to code size not the IDE.Remember that all of the old crap runs on Windows. If you are running this from a VM then you may have some issues with the In-Circuit-Debug tools running on the virtual USB host interface. Thanks dan1138. I will try a few things based on your advice, and then otherwise perhaps you (and/or others) can help me get to where I need to be. I sincerely appreciate it. Right now I have a WinXP VirtualBox VM with MPLAB 8.56 and HITECH v9.71 installed. I also have an old legacy workspace.
When I open the workspace, it mentions that I need to change toolchain. I change the toolchain to the only available Hi-Tech entry found, which is 'HI-TECH Universal Toolsuite', containing 'HI-TECH ANSI C Compiler', located at 'C:Program FilesHI-TECH SoftwarePICC9.71abinpicc.exe'. When I try to build, however, I get an error in the output window: 'No valid installed HI-TECH compiler drivers'. From here I'm stuck. I did Google that error and found mention of UAC, but this is Windows XP which I believe predates UAC. I am running as the only user which is administrator (not named 'Administrator'). NOTE that I have the original install files for these, and included is a LICENSE FILE.
Even if I get the above to work, it might NOT support PIC18 devices. I think the above may be a dead end because of this. Alternatively, I find that over the past few months of low level background effort on this, I have come to have a folder 'C:HITECHPIC18' that contains 'binpicc18.exe' dated 4/10/2002. I believe that THIS is where I need to be focusing. However, it appears that this is a folder that's already the result of an install, and I think I must have copied it, perhaps from a long dead legacy VM of a long dead legacy machine. To confirm this belief, I notice that all the folders in the tree are dated recently, 10/9/2017, but all the file contents are 4/10/2002. This implies that the contents are 15+ years old, but that I copied the folder onto my VM C drive just last October.
Unfortunately, I don't recall from where I got this, and I don't think I have the original install 'program' that would have set up DLL's and registry entries other things (those are bad thing to be missing), or paths or changes to MPLAB files (such as creating toolchain entries). MY NEXT QUESTION was going to be, how can I manually add this toolchain to the list of registered toolchains in MPLAB. However, having written the above paragraph, I become worried about having bypassed the Windows XP install. Decades ago, back around Win 3.1 for example, there was no registry and software designers put their DLL's in their own folder.
Copying to install (and stealing, unfortunately) software was easy. But by Win95 or whenever the registry was created, copying to install no longer works, because the registry isn't set and the DLL's or COM's or other things are in a windows folder, not an application software folder. Therefore, what should I do next? I am thinking I need to either A) Try to find the original install files that correspond to this PIC18 folder I have, perhaps by searching through old dead VM file structures, or B) Start Googling again to see if I can find a streamlined PICC-18 install tutorial. Otherwise, I'm just spinning in circles! Dr.LightningI suddenly made some progress. I checked old email, found some licensing help.
Now I have MPLAB 8.56 and HI-TECH 8.35PL3 installed. It RUNS SUCCESSFULLY. However, it's in demo mode and will quit in 20 days. Well, I do have my old license key repeated in that old email. I just don't know what to do with it.
That is, how do I tell HI-TECH 8.35PL3 about my license? It didn't ask during install.For MPLAB integration you may need the installer.Do you know for certain that you need to use the HCPIC18-std-8.35PL3 version of the compiler?If this version does not support your PIC18 target then the version is your next best choice.From what I have been able to find the license was a node-locked type that requires a key generated by HI-TECH for the specific computer the installation is done on. It is possible that your license keys may no longer function in your new VM installation. There are key generators floating around the internet that can be used to activate old PICC18 compilers.
A google search for the phrase 'HI-TECH Universal RSA Keygen v2.2' may turn up an ftp site or two. @NKurzman,Let me pose an hypothetical situation:So your coffee maker started using four times as much water when brewing a cup. Going to the manufacturers web site and find that because you moved to a new house the coffee maker has returned to free mode. To get it to license mode just send in your proof of purchase and your address and get a key. So you do that then find that your coffee maker is no longer a current model, you need to contact legacy support. Legacy support tells you that they cannot find a record that the license for the serial number of your coffee maker has been transfered to your address and could you please provide a copy of the original invoice.
Hi-tech Universal Rsa Keygen V2.2 Windows 7
After providing the requested documentation you are told that the person that knows how to make the keys is off for a few weeks so please be patient.This story is just an analogy, so cannot be specifically relevant to any situation in the real world, but please consider these questions:How hypothetically patient would you be?It is just possible that you would seek for other solutions to fill your coffee needs? Dan yes and no.You have a perfectly working project and want to make minor changes. Switching to a new compiler could cause issues to apper and require much more testing. What is the R.O.I on a legacy product.In this case he should be able to get it working. If the project was done on a pre OCG compiler.
There will be work to port it to XC8.They will need to make the desision about the best way in this case.1. Always back up compilers and Keys.2. Always write the compiler version in the code. And make sure you update it. Please note I've been away from the forum for a few days.
I see a lot of new posts. It's not time effective to read all of them, but thanks very much for the offerings. I did read the last one from NKurzman, who hit the nail on the head as well as implied parts of the prior conversion. NOTE MY PROBLEM HAS BEEN SOLVED (so far). I now have MPLAB v8.56 running on my VM, along with specifically HI-TECH PICC-18 v8.35PL3 that I got from.
That built, but in super slow demo mode and a 20-day warning. Then, given that I already had an old legacy license, I got assistance from to get my license working again. Now it builds in a snap and offers to do so forever.
OF COURSE, now I find my changes are too complex to simply edit, build, and ship to my customer to test (as I have done many times on their legacy products). Instead, I need to debug and analyze. Now I'm trying to get my old ICD 3 working (I gave my ICD 2 to this customer).
Yes, I saw a warning from someone about the VM, and I am aware of such concerns. I'm about to post a new question about that.
After posting, I'll come back here and put a link, in hopes that one or more of you look into that for me. Thanks VERY, VERY much for all of your assistance.